A professional who studies composition, structure, and history of earth's crust. Responsibilities include:

• Examines rocks, minerals, and fossil remains to identify and determine sequence of processes affecting development of earth.
• Applies knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics to explain these phenomena and to help locate mineral, geothermal, and petroleum deposits and underground water resources.
• Studies ocean bottom.
• Applies geological knowledge to engineering problems encountered in construction projects, such as dams, tunnels, and large buildings.
• Studies fossil plants and animals to determine their evolutionary sequence and age.
• Prepares geologic reports and maps, interprets research data, and recommends further study or action.
• May specialize in area of study and be designated Geomorphologist; Oceanographer, Geological; Photogeologist.
• May conduct or participate in environmental studies and prepare environmental reports.
• Workers applying principles of rock and soil mechanics for engineering projects may be designated Geological Engineer.
• Workers applying all branches of geologic knowledge to conditions that affect planning, design, construction, operation and safety to engineering projects may be designated Engineering Geologist.