- Industry: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
1) A gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes that is always expressed, even if only one copy is present.
2) Describes a trait or disorder in which the phenotype is expressed in those who have inherited only one copy of a particular gene mutation (heterozygotes); specifically refers to a gene on one of the 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)
3) Autosomal dominance is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic diseases. "Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. "Dominant" means that a single copy of the disease-associated mutation is enough to cause the disease. This is in contrast to a recessive disorder, where two copies of the mutation are needed to cause the disease. Huntington's disease is a common example of an autosomal dominant genetic disorder.
Industry:Health care
1) A gene pool is the total genetic diversity found within a population or a species. A large gene pool has extensive genetic diversity and is better able to withstand the challenges posed by environmental stresses. Inbreeding contributes to the creation of a small gene pool and makes populations or species more likely to go extinct when faced with some type of stress.
2) The collection of genes in an interbreeding population that includes each gene at a certain frequency in relation to its alleles: the genetic information of a population of interbreeding organisms <the human gene pool>.
Industry:Health care
1) A gene that normally directs cell growth. If altered, an oncogene can promote or allow the uncontrolled growth of cancer. Alterations can be inherited or caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens.
2) A gene, one or more forms of which is associated with cancer. Many oncogenes are involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the rate of cell growth.
3) A gene having the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous.
4) An oncogene is a mutated gene that contributes to the development of a cancer. In their normal, unmutated state, onocgenes are called proto-oncogenes, and they play roles in the regulation of cell division. Some oncogenes work like putting your foot down on the accelerator of a car, pushing a cell to divide. Other oncogenes work like removing your foot from the brake while parked on a hill, also causing the cell to divide.
Industry:Health care
1) A gene which will be expressed only if there are 2 identical copies or, for a male, if one copy is present on the X chromosome.
2) Recessive is a quality found in the relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked. In the case of a recessive genetic disorder, an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated allele in order for the disease to be present.
3) A gene that is phenotypically manifest in the homozygous state but is masked in the presence of a dominant allele.
Industry:Health care
1) A general term for a group of inherited disorders which are characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles (muscle, skeletal).
2) Any of a group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive wasting of muscles -- called also progressive muscular dystrophy.
Industry:Health care
1) A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.
2) Cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slowly progressing) course and those that have an aggressive (rapidly progressing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer.
Industry:Health care
1) A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)
2) Paralysis--used chiefly in combination (oculomotor palsy.
3) A condition that is characterized by uncontrollable tremor or quivering of the body or one or more of its parts--not used technically.
Industry:Health care
1) A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)
2) Paralysis--used chiefly in combination (oculomotor palsy.
3) A condition that is characterized by uncontrollable tremor or quivering of the body or one or more of its parts--not used technically.
Industry:Health care
1) A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or Mallory bodies), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells.
2) generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (for example, lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (for example, ceroid or Mallory bodies), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell; inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells.
Industry:Health care
1) A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.
2) Condition of being undersized as a result of premature arrest of skeletal growth.
Industry:Health care
